Improving risk classification and ratemaking using mixture‐of‐experts models with random effects
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the underwriting and pricing of nonlife insurance products, it is essential for insurer to utilize both policyholder information claim history ensure profitability proper risk management. this paper, we apply a flexible regression model with random effects, called Mixed Logit-weighted Reduced Mixture-of-Experts, which leverages their history, categorize policyholders into groups similar profiles, determine premium that accurately captures unobserved risks. Estimates parameters posterior distribution effects can be obtained by stochastic variational algorithm, numerically efficient scalable large portfolios. Our proposed framework shown outperform classical benchmark models (Logistic Lognormal GL(M)M) in terms goodness-of-fit data, while offering intuitive interpretable characterization policyholders' profiles adequately reflect history.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Risk and Insurance
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1539-6975', '0022-4367']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12436